Introduction
Male palm cockatoos have a unique behavior of drumming on trees to attract potential mates. They go a step further by crafting their own drumsticks with distinct designs. This makes them the only known species, apart from humans, to use tools for creating rhythmic sounds.
The Drumming Displays
Males in northern Australia have been observed using either a seed pod or a small branch, held in their feet, to tap against trees in their drumming displays. This behavior is seen as a form of courtship and is likely to impress female cockatoos.
The Study
Researchers led by Robert Heinsohn at the Australian National University decided to investigate this unique behavior by tracking the location and timing of drumming displays. Additionally, they collected discarded drumming tools in Kutini-Payamu National Park in Queensland. In total, they retrieved 256 drumming tools from 70 trees.
Preference for Branches
89% of the tools collected were made from small branches, indicating a clear preference for branches over seed pods. However, a small number of birds seemed to use both types of tools for drumming.
Distinctive Designs
The researchers analyzed the drumming sticks made by 12 males to compare the range of designs. They found that each cockatoo had individual preferences for different kinds of drumsticks. These preferences were created by picking up or snapping off a branch and shaping it down with their beaks. The designs varied in length, thickness, and shape, with each bird displaying consistency in their chosen style.
Learning and Intelligence
There was no evidence to suggest that neighboring cockatoos copied each other’s drumstick designs. Instead, it is believed that young cockatoos learn what makes a good drumstick from observing and emulating their fathers. This behavior demonstrates a high level of cognition and intelligence.
Conclusion
The drumming behavior of male palm cockatoos is not only fascinating but also highlights their individuality and intelligence. Their ability to craft their own drumsticks with distinct designs adds another layer to their complex mating displays.
